预约演示
更新于：2026-08-26
Metronidazole
甲硝唑
更新于：2026-08-26
概要
基本信息
简介甲硝唑是辉瑞公司于1960年批准的一种小分子药物，可抑制DNA合成，对厌氧菌和原生动物有高效作用。它的多功能性体现在其适应症范围很广，包括皮肤溃疡、肠炎、幽门螺杆菌感染、酒渣鼻、滴虫性阴道炎和阿米巴病。通过破坏 DNA 合成，甲硝唑抑制这些微生物的生长和繁殖。它还显示出作为某些抗生素耐药性细菌感染的替代疗法的潜力。然而，与所有药物一样，甲硝唑具有潜在的副作用，例如恶心、反流和口中的金属味。患者应仔细遵循规定的剂量和治疗持续时间，以避免抗生素耐药性和副作用的风险。 |
药物类型 小分子化药 |
别名 1-(2-hydroxy-1-ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole、1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole、1-(β-ethylol)-2-methyl-5-nitro-3-azapyrrole + [94] |
靶点- |
作用方式 抑制剂 |
作用机制 DNA合成抑制剂 |
原研机构 |
最高研发阶段批准上市 |
最高研发阶段(中国)批准上市 |
特殊审评孤儿药 (美国) |
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结构/序列
分子式C6H9N3O3 |
InChIKeyVAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS号443-48-1 |
关联
681
项与 甲硝唑 相关的临床试验NCT07566754
MOTIF@FRESH: Modifying Organisms Transvaginally in Females @ FRESH
NCT07729293
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pylori Duo as an Adjunctive Treatment and for the Prevention of Recurrence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection
ChiCTR2600130180
Efficacy of a Minocycline-containing Quadruple Regimen for the Empiric Rescue Therapy of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Prospective Single-Center Study
100 项与 甲硝唑 相关的临床结果
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100 项与 甲硝唑 相关的转化医学
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100 项与 甲硝唑 相关的专利（医药）
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24,016
项与 甲硝唑 相关的文献（医药）2026-12-31European Clinical Respiratory Journal
Treatment management of patients with lung abscess: a retrospective cohort study
Article
作者: Noerregaard Gissel, Tina ; Sperling, Søren ; Naestholt Dahl, Victor ; Gjoerup, Pia Holland ; Kirkegaard Vaarst, Jakob ; Laursen, Christian Borbjerg ; Bendstrup, Elisabeth ; Fløe, Andreas
Background:
Lung abscesses (LAs) are severe respiratory infections characterised by necrosis of pulmonary tissue. Despite the need for long-term antibiotic treatment, evidence on optimal treatment is limited, and no international guidelines exist. We aimed to evaluate different treatment strategies for treating LAs.
Methods:
Patients hospitalised from 2016 to 2021 with LA were included in a retrospective multicentre cohort study. Descriptive statistics were presented for the current treatment strategies of LA regarding the choice and duration of antibiotic treatment, as well as the use of interventional treatments and associated treatment outcomes.
Results:
In 222 patients diagnosed with LA, 89.2% were treated with intravenous antibiotics for a median duration of 14 days, followed by oral antibiotics for a median of 26 days; 10.8% received oral antibiotics as first-line therapy. Duration of intravenous treatment, total length of antibiotic treatment, and occurrence of treatment failure did not differ across the four most used antibiotic regimens: Benzylpenicillin and metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam with or without metronidazole, cefuroxime and metronidazole, or clindamycin monotherapy. Duration of hospitalisation varied slightly between treatment groups, with a trend of the shortest length of stay for patients treated with clindamycin. Fifteen patients underwent interventional treatment. These patients were characterised by larger abscesses, longer duration of antibiotic treatment, and higher mortality.
Conclusions:
Within the limitations of a descriptive design, no significant differences in clinical outcomes of LA were observed across the four most common antibiotic regimens. The selection of regimens varied considerably between the four study sites. Randomised studies are urgently needed to guide the best treatment choice.
2026-12-31Gut Microbes
Fusobacterium nucleatum
plays a pathogenic role in a murine model of irritable bowel syndrome by modulating intestinal purine metabolism and promoting mast cell activation
Article
作者: Zhou, Yesheng ; Hou, Songyuan ; Zhu, Jiaqi ; Ye, Haozhen ; Zhu, Shengtao ; Ning, Tingting ; Wang, Chenxu ; Liu, Si ; Zhang, Nan ; Yang, Xinyi ; Lu, Shaochong
Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a globally prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder; however, mechanistic insights remain limited. We determined that the bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) played a pathogenic role in a murine model of IBS. Monocolonization of antibiotic-treated or germ-free mice with F. nucleatum induced IBS-like symptoms, including visceral hypersensitivity, increased fecal water content, and accelerated gastrointestinal transit, accompanied by mast cell activation. These effects were effectively prevented by treatment with the antibiotic metronidazole, as well as by the mast cell depleting agent imatinib or the mast cell stabilizer sodium cromoglicate. Mechanistically, F. nucleatum upregulated the expression of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), a key enzyme in the purine degradation pathway. The elevated PNP activity promoted purine degradation and uric acid production in IECs, which in turn directly activated mast cells. This F. nucleatum-driven mast cell activation mediated IBS-like symptoms in ABX treated mice but was abrogated by blocking uric acid synthesis. In summary, our findings highlight the crucial role of purine metabolism reprogramming and low-grade mucosal immune responses in F. nucleatum-mediated IBS-like symptoms in mice, providing promising therapeutic perspectives for targeting F. nucleatum-positive IBS patients.
2026-12-31JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL TREATMENT
From signal to strategy: a disproportionality analysis of dupilumab-associated rosacea in FAERS with a summary of reported clinical cases
Review
作者: Yang, Xuefan ; Chen, Xiang ; Li, Sitong ; Ruan, Dandan ; Lin, Jiacheng ; Qiu, Xinlan ; Li, Jiaqi ; Ju, Qiang ; Mo, Xiaohui
PURPOSE:
Emerging evidence suggests rosacea as a recognizable adverse event during dupilumab therapy. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between dupilumab and rosacea using pharmacovigilance data and to characterize the clinical features of dupilumab-associated rosacea (DAR) through a review of reported cases.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
We utilized the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database (2017-2024) to identify disproportionality signals using four methods: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Information Component (IC), and Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean (EBGM). To contextualize these findings, we performed a focused narrative review of 8 publications comprising 10 DAR cases with extractable individual data.
RESULTS:
A significant disproportionality signal was identified across all four methods (ROR 3.873; PRR 3.872; IC 1.865 with IC025 1.653; EBGM 3.642), with reports predominantly in adults and females. In the case review, a consistent phenotype emerged: papulopustules on persistent centrofacial erythema with frequent burning; facial predominance with occasional extension to neck, scalp, or upper trunk; frequent Demodex detection by scraping, KOH, or in vivo imaging; and occasional granulomatous histology. Onset ranged from approximately 2 weeks to 21 months, including one post-discontinuation case. Most patients improved with rosacea-directed therapy (topical ivermectin or metronidazole; anti-inflammatory-dose doxycycline). However, dechallenge or rechallenge patterns and the need for dose-interval extension, temporary interruption, or switching biologic (e.g., lebrikizumab, upadacitinib) in a subset support a drug-related pattern at the reporting level.
CONCLUSIONS:
DAR represents a distinct clinical entity from dupilumab-associated head and neck dermatitis, which is eczematous and typically responds to antifungals or calcineurin inhibitors. While disproportionality signals indicate association rather than incidence or causality and are subject to reporting bias, clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse event to ensure appropriate management.
834
项与 甲硝唑 相关的新闻（医药）2026-08-24
·医脉通
100 项与 甲硝唑 相关的药物交易
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研发状态
批准上市
10 条最早获批的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 贾第虫病 | 韩国 | 2024-09-06 | |
| 坏死性溃疡性龈炎 | 韩国 | 2024-09-06 | |
| 牙齿感染 | 韩国 | 2024-09-06 | |
| 阿米巴肝脓肿 | 美国 | 2023-09-22 | |
| 皮肤溃疡 | 日本 | 2014-12-26 | |
| 幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎 | 日本 | 2013-02-21 | |
| 感染性肠炎 | 日本 | 2012-08-10 | |
| 神经系统血吸虫病 | 日本 | 2012-08-10 | |
| 幽门螺杆菌感染 | 日本 | 2007-08-23 | |
| 玫瑰痤疮 | 美国 | 1997-09-26 | |
| 滴虫性阴道炎 | 美国 | 1995-05-03 | |
| 感染 | 中国 | 1981-01-01 | |
| 阿米巴病 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 厌氧菌感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 骨和关节感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 中枢神经系统感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 妇科感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 腹腔感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 下呼吸道感染 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 | |
| 脓毒症 | 美国 | 1963-07-18 |
未上市
10 条进展最快的记录, 后查看更多信息
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| 适应症 | 最高研发状态 | 国家/地区 | 公司 | 日期 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 美国 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 中国 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 阿根廷 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 保加利亚 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 克罗地亚 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 捷克 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 希腊 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 印度 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 以色列 | 2018-04-05 | |
| 革兰氏阴性菌感染 | 临床3期 | 意大利 | 2018-04-05 |
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临床结果
临床结果
适应症
分期
评价
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临床4期 | 78 | (Metronidazole) | 顧簾餘鬱遞製衊蓋獵觸 = 簾觸窪網衊衊獵觸蓋夢 鹽壓壓夢艱膚鏇鹹鹹願 (夢觸壓糧觸窪糧積鏇衊, 廠糧製範範衊築襯範窪 ~ 鏇醖鑰廠醖衊鬱淵構觸) 更多 | - | 2026-06-18 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | 顧簾餘鬱遞製衊蓋獵觸 = 憲觸鑰顧繭鏇觸網艱鹹 鹽壓壓夢艱膚鏇鹹鹹願 (夢觸壓糧觸窪糧積鏇衊, 壓齋糧糧齋鏇廠構鹽壓 ~ 繭鑰願繭築糧簾鑰鏇衊) 更多 | ||||||
临床2期 | 转移性结直肠癌 一线 | 44 | 鹽選鑰淵選鬱網廠遞願(築願構餘獵選製齋遞築) = 齋襯艱淵網積鏇膚網範 鏇願餘蓋廠淵繭觸觸醖 (選膚願遞鬱築窪衊鬱鬱 ) | 积极 | 2026-05-29 | ||
N/A | 412 | 鹽鬱獵積鹹構範夢獵鹽(襯憲齋齋夢網顧夢壓襯) = 壓網構廠鬱築淵醖積餘 觸淵壓鬱積選鹽糧淵夢 (顧鏇網鏇夢鏇廠遞糧獵 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2026-02-18 | |||
鬱鏇選窪鬱築蓋簾蓋願(淵鏇製糧選製糧築艱鏇) = 簾觸醖範鏇觸範遞憲鬱 網製範餘鏇醖顧蓋範顧 (築繭糧醖夢構顧窪廠衊 ) | |||||||
临床4期 | 幽门螺杆菌感染 一线 | 127 | 蓋窪構鏇齋鏇憲夢襯鏇(壓淵積鏇鹹夢淵繭廠鏇) = 醖衊艱遞選構廠蓋醖齋 鏇艱製襯淵窪鑰鹹壓淵 (築壓構構繭襯構糧觸選, 86 ~ 99) 更多 | 积极 | 2026-01-01 | ||
蓋窪構鏇齋鏇憲夢襯鏇(壓淵積鏇鹹夢淵繭廠鏇) = 鑰觸網憲構繭繭醖鏇顧 鏇艱製襯淵窪鑰鹹壓淵 (築壓構構繭襯構糧觸選, 70 ~ 89) 更多 | |||||||
N/A | 228 | Standard quadruple regimen at fixed doses | 顧衊餘糧齋憲夢蓋膚網(遞繭糧廠範築製衊鏇膚) = 選膚窪積廠衊廠憲壓夢 衊觸選壓艱夢醖衊憲鑰 (膚鬱衊網壓製願憲窪廠 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2025-05-03 | ||
higher doses of amoxicillin and metronidazole adjusted by body weight | 顧衊餘糧齋憲夢蓋膚網(遞繭糧廠範築製衊鏇膚) = 鏇襯齋鑰網遞憲遞餘憲 衊觸選壓艱夢醖衊憲鑰 (膚鬱衊網壓製願憲窪廠 ) 更多 | ||||||
临床4期 | 32 | Lactic acid vaginal gel | 顧遞鹽憲餘壓艱鹹齋廠(觸廠壓選窪艱衊遞構鏇) = after up to six months 鹽艱鏇衊壓觸膚觸膚襯 (膚鑰製壓廠構夢範願鑰 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2025-01-06 | ||
临床4期 | - | Amoxicillin and Metronidazole | 襯構餘簾襯廠選網齋膚(窪齋鬱選構鑰醖獵築選) = 蓋鹽衊積衊築繭選蓋淵 衊選糧壓顧衊構構鹹壓 (範範鏇繭製簾鹹衊醖遞 ) 更多 | 积极 | 2024-08-01 | ||
Phenoxymethylpenicillin and Metronidazole | 襯構餘簾襯廠選網齋膚(窪齋鬱選構鑰醖獵築選) = 淵淵遞構餘願鹽夢夢繭 衊選糧壓顧衊構構鹹壓 (範範鏇繭製簾鹹衊醖遞 ) 更多 | ||||||
临床4期 | 133 | Vaginal metronidazole for 5 days before hysterectomy | 獵醖壓築製膚糧繭築構(築夢簾糧獵壓簾夢廠積) = 製網鹹鑰衊積夢糧廠製 壓窪齋鑰構醖觸築鑰壓 (鬱鬱構衊遞鑰範蓋憲窪 ) 更多 | 不佳 | 2024-04-01 | ||
(No intervention) | 獵醖壓築製膚糧繭築構(築夢簾糧獵壓簾夢廠積) = 製鹽襯選鹹壓積膚範鹽 壓窪齋鑰構醖觸築鑰壓 (鬱鬱構衊遞鑰範蓋憲窪 ) 更多 | ||||||
临床3期 | 60 | 膚觸顧鑰衊製獵積觸鑰 = 憲遞範膚獵窪構鏇襯遞 餘簾觸糧夢獵醖獵夢觸 (範鹽齋蓋觸蓋願觸選簾, 觸獵廠鹹艱簾窪醖壓糧 ~ 夢齋顧廠艱蓋網襯鹽夢) 更多 | - | 2024-03-08 | |||
N/A | 子宫旁组织炎 bacterial vaginosis | 574 | Cefazolin 2g + Metronidazole vaginal ovules | 築鹹糧醖襯觸獵鏇膚選(廠顧醖觸願蓋觸範鑰艱) = 鬱淵範壓襯製餘壓顧顧 選糧憲觸鹽餘廠窪齋製 (積觸淵糧選製鬱範範簾 ) | 不佳 | 2023-11-01 | |
Cefazolin 2g + Placebo vaginal ovules | 築鹹糧醖襯觸獵鏇膚選(廠顧醖觸願蓋觸範鑰艱) = 獵壓鹹網夢憲簾糧窪廠 選糧憲觸鹽餘廠窪齋製 (積觸淵糧選製鬱範範簾 ) |
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